Discrimination of African-Americans in USA: The Status of African-Americans between the First and the Second Reconstructions

Abstract

The history of African-Americans has been a contradictory case in contrast to other ethnic groups. The study of African-Americans’ history is an examination of Black’s experience with slavery, segregation, and alienation in the American society. This dissertation aims at shedding lights on the struggle of African-Americans who were brought to the Americas by force to work in the plantations, farms, and even in houses under very harsh conditions, and their position in a racial prejudice society, the humiliation they faced, and the miserable life they lived as slaves. The study examines the status of African-Americans after the abolishment of slavery and setting Blacks free as American citizens with civil rights, yet, it was not that easy for them to practice these rights with the existence of White hate groups. This work explores the efforts of African-Americans to obtain integration, and how literacy awakened them to call for equality just like Whites. The dissertation also explores the status of African-Americans starting from Reconstruction Era after Civil War aiming at uniting the nation, spreading democracy, and giving Blacks their rights as American citizens, till the Civil Rights Movement of1960s. The researchers analyzed the collected Data concerning the status of Blacks to come out with a clear image of Black’s life in America, that to rely on a qualitative method with a historical approach and finally found that the Status of African-Americans changed gradually from the first reconstructions to the second one and the case is still ongoing till today.