Le microbiote intestinale, les probiotiques et leur place dans les pathologies digestive

خليف, لبنى; زارعي, صحر; عثمانية, وئام

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Le microbiote intestinale, les probiotiques et leur place dans les pathologies digestive

خليف, لبنى; زارعي, صحر; عثمانية, وئام

URI: http//localhost:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/214

Date: 2021-06-09

Résumé:

ﺗﻠﻌﺐ اﻟﺠﺮاﺛﯿﻢ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ و اﻷﻣﻌﺎء دورا أﺳﺎﺳﯿًﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ، وھﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺠﻌﻠﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮازﻧﺔ. ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﺌﯿﺔ ﻏﻨﯿﺔ وﻣﮭﻤﺔ ﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺳﻼﻻت ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﻼﻛﺘﯿﻚ ﺑﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة. ﺗﻢ إﺟﺮاء دراﺳﺔ ﻹﻋﻄﺎء ﻧﻈﺮة ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻮع اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮي اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ، واﻟﺠﺮاﺛﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻮﯾﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻷطﻔﺎل ﺣﺪﯾﺜﻲ اﻟﻮﻻدة ، وﺣﻠﯿﺐ اﻟﺜﺪي اﻷول )اﻟﻠﺒﺄ( ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺒﺴﺔ )ﺷﺮق اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮ( وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻌﺰل ﺑﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﻼﻛﺘﯿﻚ. ﻣﻊ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﺮوﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﻚ. ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮة ﻋﯿﻨﺔ وﺗﻢ اﻹﺑﻼغ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻼﻣﺢ ﺟﺮﺛﻮﻣﯿﺔ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮة <0.0001) (p ﻣﻦ 3.56) ± 0.57 إﻟﻰ 4.52 ± CFU0.73 (log ﻟﺒﺄ وﺑﺮاز اﻷطﻔﺎل ، ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ. ﺗﻢ ﻋﺰل واﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﺳﺘﺔ وﺛﻼﺛﯿﻦ (36) ﺑﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﻼﻛﺘﯿﻚ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﯾﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻈﮭﺮﯾﺔ. ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻷوﻟﻲ ﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﻤﻀﺎد ﺿﺪ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ ذات اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﻟﻠﺠﺮام وﺳﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺠﺮام subtilis) B. Bacilllus و B. (Salmonella enterica و Escherichia coli و S. epidermidis و Staphylococcus aureus و .Listeria sp و cereus أن )اﻟﻌﺪد = 21 ، 58.33 ٪( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺰﻻت أظﮭﺮت ﻧﺸﺎطًﺎ واﺣﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻛﻤﻀﺎد ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ. أظﮭﺮ ﺗﻌﺮض اﺛﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﻼﻛﺘﯿﻚ ﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﺮﯾﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﻌﺪة واﻷﻣﻌﺎء ، ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻮﺿﺔ. ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ، ﻟﻮﺣﻈﺖ ﻗﺪرات ﻻﺻﻘﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة )ﻛﺮه اﻟﻤﺎء ، واﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ واﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك( ﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻼﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘﺒﺎرھﺎ. وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻼھﺘﻤﺎم أن طﺎف اﻟﻼﻛﺘﯿﻚ اﻟﻤﻌﻘﻢ أدى إﻟﻰ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ اﻷﻏﺸﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺣﯿﻮي ﻣﻦ اﻹﺷﺮﯾﻜﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻧﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻜﻮرات اﻟﻌﻨﻘﻮدﯾﺔ اﻟﺬھﺒﯿﺔ واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ اﻟﻌﺼﻮﯾﺔ واﻟﻠﯿﺴﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ. أﺷﺎر ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ ﻣﻼءﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ إﻟﻰ أن ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺴﻼﻻت أظﮭﺮت ﻗﺪرة ﺗﺤﻤﻀﯿﺔ وﺗﺤﻠﻞ ﺑﺮوﺗﯿﻨﻲ. ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ھﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﻟﻠﺒﺮوﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﻚ ﻛﻤﻀﺎدات ﺟﺮﺛﻮﻣﯿﺔ ﺑﺪﯾﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻏﺸﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺎت اﻷﻣﺮاض واﻟﻤﻔﮭﻮم - ﻗﺪ ﯾﺆدي ﺗﻌﺰﯾﺰ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﺒﺮوﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﻚ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﯿﻊ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔاﻹﻧﺴﺎن.

Description:

The human and intestinal microbiota play a fundamental role in the maintenance of the body and many factors that can throw it off balance. This flora constitute a rich and important ecological niche for the screening of lactic acid strains with new properties. A study was carried out to give a global vision of the total indigenous microbial load, of the intestinal microbiota in newborns, and the first breast milk (colostrum) originating from Tebessa (East of Algeria) and also, to isolate lactic acid bacteria with potential probiotic characteristics. Fifteen samples were analyzed and high and variable microbial profiles (p <0.0001) were reported from (3.56 ± 0.57 to 4.52 ± 0.73log CFU / ml) and (5.44 ± 2.17 to 6.11 ± 2.12 logUFC / g) for colostrum and infant feces, respectively. Thirty-six (36) lactic acid bacteria were isolated and selected based on the phenotypic criteria. Primary screening for antagonist activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative indicator bacteria (Bacilllus subtillus, B. cereus, Listeria sp., Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica) revealed that (n=21, 58.33%) of the isolates exhibited at least one antibacterial activity. Exposure of twelve potential lactic acid strains to various probiotic selection tests showed a remarkable resistance to simulated gastric and intestinal conditions, as well as to salinity and pH. Indeed, considerable adhesive capacities (hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation and co-aggregation) were noted for the majority of the strains tested. Interestingly, sterile lactic supernatants resulted in inhibition of biofilm formation on an abiotic surface of Esherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Listeria sp. The biotechnological suitability assessment indicated that all the strains exhibited significant acidifying and proteolytic power. These findings support the effective use of probiotics as alternative antimicrobials to eradicate biofilms formed by pathogens and the concept - potentiating the benefits of probiotics may serve to broaden the application to human health.

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