Language and Culture

Abstract

This handout explores the intricate relationship between language and culture, emphasising their inseparability and mutual influence. It traces major scholarly conceptions of culture (product, evolution, and uniqueness) while highlighting the dynamic, multifaceted nature of cultural systems. Through models such as Big-C and small-c culture, the cultural iceberg, and the cultural pyramid, the handout illustrates how visible practices are underpinned by deeper values, beliefs, and assumptions. The discussion also addresses the characteristics of culture, its role in shaping communication, and its impact on identity, education, and intercultural competence. By situating language as both a vehicle and reflection of culture, the handout underscores the importance of fostering tolerance, curiosity, and critical awareness in a globalised world. Ultimately, it prepares learners to embrace diversity, bridge cultural boundaries, and develop intercultural communicative competence as essential skills for academic, professional, and personal growth.