Simulation Study of a PV System Connected to an Electrical Transmission Network
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Date
2026-06-08
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UNIVERSITE DE ECHAHID CHEIKH LARBI TEBESSI
Abstract
The main objective is to optimize solar energy extraction and inject maximum power into the grid while ensuring an appropriate voltage level and a frequency of 50 Hz. The studied system consists of a 100 kW photovoltaic generator, a DC–DC boost converter, and a three-level three-phase inverter connected to a 25 kV grid.
The control strategy is based on a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique to ensure that the photovoltaic generator operates at its maximum power point, even under varying climatic conditions. Two methods were developed: the Perturb and Observe (P&O) technique and the Incremental Conductance algorithm associated with an integral controller.
The boost converter adjusts the operating point of the photovoltaic panel, while the inverter, controlled through Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), generates a sinusoidal voltage compatible with the grid and reduces harmonic distortion.
Simulations carried out using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the proposed system improves energy efficiency and ensures stable and effective power injection into the grid while maintaining a unity power factor. The results also confirm the robustness of the adopted control strategy and highlight the importance of MPPT optimization in maximizing the utilization of the photovoltaic generator
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Keywords
AC: Alternating Current DC: Direct Current HV: High Voltage VHV: Very High Voltage EHV: Extra High Voltage MV: Medium Voltage LV: Low Voltage HV-A: High Voltage A HV-B: High Voltage B CT: Current Transformer VT: Voltage Transformer IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission SF₆: Sulfur Hexafluoride PV : Photovoltaic PVG : Photovoltaic Generator MPPT : Maximum Power Point Tracking P&O : Perturb and Observe INC : Incremental Conductance FLC : Fuzzy Logic Controller STC : Standard Test Conditions DC–DC : Direct Current to Direct Current Converter Buck : Step-Down Converter Boost : Step-Up Converter Buck–Boost : Step-Up/Step-Down Converter MOSFET : Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor IGBT : Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor MPP : Maximum Power Point DOE : Department of Energy MW : Megawatt kW : Kilowatt ACSR: Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced π Model: Pi Equivalent Model T Model: T Equivalent Model ABCD Parameters: Transmission Line Constants RDC: Democratic Republic of the Congo HT: High Voltage VSC: Voltage Source Converter PWM: Pulse Width Modulation PLL: Phase-Locked Loop ROI: Return on Investment THD: Total Harmonic Distortion PI: Proportional–Integral DC/AC: Direct Current to Alternating Current.